Current Projects

Orlando Shooting & US Media Narrative

Omar Mateen was still killing and holding on to hostages inside the gay nightclub in Orlanda. Outside, the US media, the Republican presidential presumptive nominee, Donald Trump, and Florida Senator Marco Rubio were screaming full throttle, trying to connect the incident with the Islamic State (IS). Interestingly, nobody even hinted at the once-household name of al Qaeda. There was an all-out effort to implicate the IS, as if al Qaeda were a spent force despite the fact that the US remains an avowed enemy of the terror outfit. Much before the police began dealing with the aftermath of the massacre inside the club and trying to ascertain possible motives of the shooting, leading US media and political personalities had already started linking the shooting, the worst in US history, to the IS. This also underscored how the media plays a central role in shaping narratives, however misplaced. It began with Wolf Blitzer, the veteran host of CNN’s “The Situation Room”. Hardly a minute into his interview with Afghanistan’s former president Hamid Karzai, Blitzer jumped to a brazenly lopsided question: “What do you think would motivate for one to go out and pledge allegiance to IS?” Mr Karzai dealt with the question prudently. The killer was born to Afghan parents and was raised in the US, and if there was any IS influence, we should look at it from the US perspective, said the former president before Blitzer interjected with another blistering question — do you think the killer had IS supporters based in Afghanistan? Karzai blunted the question by saying even the Afghan Taliban are out there fighting the IS. This came across as the most bizarre sequence of questioning by a senior journalist but it made quite evident the superficial, sloppy, one-way — whether advertent or otherwise — characterisation of issues that the US media usually indulges in. Similarly, former Republican presidential candidate Rubio launched a rant too, saying that common sense tells you that the...

CHINA WATCH [June 7-13]: Security, Provincial Benefits and Regional Cooperation

Security concerns continue to dominate CPEC related developments in Pakistan, with an “extraordinary” civil-military huddle at GHQ topping the headlines. CPEC allocations, provincial mistrust, and regional cooperation news remained prominent. Security The federal as well as the provincial governments are determined to provide security to the Chinese and other experts working on the projects of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).[1] The Interior Minister on Wednesday last week also hinted that there were several powers around the world who did not want to see CPEC succeed.[2] This is a sentiment echoed by Army Chief General Raheel Sharif who said Pakistan is aware of the “hostility” faced by CPEC in a statement alluding to India which has publicly opposed the project.[3] Key civil and military leaders assembled at the General Headquarters (GHQ) on Tuesday to review the policy towards Afghanistan and deliberate on the challenges to the CPEC.[4] This is an extraordinary meeting, as the civilian government is responsible for ensuring CPEC security and success. Finance Minister Ishaq Dar, Defence Minister Khawaja Asif, Adviser to the PM on Foreign Affairs Sartaj Aziz, PM’s Special Assistant Tariq Fatemi and Foreign Secretary Aizaz Chaudhry attended the meeting from the civilian side. This meeting also comes at a time when the prime minister is incapacitated due to health concerns, having gone through open heart surgery on June 2, 2016. The meeting was concluded with the usual rhetoric, and a condemnation of the US drone strike that killed Mullah Mansur. CPEC Allocations The federal government has earmarked Rs 73.678 billion for 32 projects under the China Pakistan Economic Corridor in Public Sector Development Programme 2016-17.[5] [6] Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has felicitated federal minister for Finance Senator Muhammad Ishaq Dar for producing pro-growth budget for next fiscal year.[7] Finally, Pakistan cleared two strategically important $10 billion projects...

Success Stories of HFL Beneficiaries: a CRSS/USIP Project

Harnessing Future Leaders (HFL) was a yearlong CRSS-led youth leadership and development program in 2015-2016, focusing in the Khyber Pukhtunkhwa (KP) province, in collaboration with the United States Institute of Peace (USIP). HFL is an effort to enhance knowledge and understanding of the selected youth leaders from different universities of KP on topics deemed prerequisites for social peace and harmony, rule of law, democracy and governance. CRSS partnered with nine universities in the districts of Peshawar, Charsadda and Nowshera. CRSS then worked with a group of 60 young individuals, selected from these universities, who demonstrated a proclivity for leadership. Under this project, three collaborative workshops were conducted for the beneficiaries. The closing ceremony and achievement awards were held on March 24, 2016 in Peshawar. During the event, CRSS captured several success stories of these students. These are included in the video below. https://vimeo.com/169994030

Mainstreaming FATA

CRSS Comment  Following years of political neglect and with no de facto legal status, Pakistan’s semi-autonomous border regions bordering Afghanistan – also known as Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) – may eventually be on the brink of becoming formal part of the country, fully covered by the constitution of Pakistan. A FATA Reforms Committee has proposed a set of “parallel and concurrent” political, administrative, judicial and security reforms, as well as a massive reconstruction and rehabilitation programme, to prepare the Federally Administered Tribal Areas for a ‘five-year transition period’ for merger into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, daily Dawn reported on June 13.[1] “The general drift (of the recommendations) is towards a merger,” a knowledgeable source told Dawn. “This seems to be the only workable and viable option,” the paper said quoting a committee member. Sartaj Aziz, Adviser to the Prime Minister on Foreign Affairs, heads the committee that Sharif constituted on Nov 8 last year. It includes National Security Adviser retired Lt Gen Nasser Janjua, Minister for Law and Justice Zahid Hamid and Minister for States and Frontier Regions, retired Lt Gen Abdul Qadir Baloch. FATA comprises seven districts – each known as an Agency. All seven agencies are administered by the Federal government. The president of Pakistan is the super in-charge of FATA, while the governor of the northwestern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province is the local in-charge of the region. A political agent – equivalent of a deputy commissioner – looks after each agency. FATA regions have for long remained a hotbed of Islamist militancy and terrorist outfits such as Daesh, the Tehreeke Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and Afghan Taliban such as the Haqqani Network. FATA was the springboard for the CIA-ISI-led anti-Soviet jihad in the 1980s as well as the anti-terror war in Afghanistan in 2001. It also became a haven for Al-Qaeda and the Afghan Taliban after the US-led Afghan opposition ousted the Taliban...

The Internal Frontier

The world has limited sympathy for Pakistan. There have been many documented incidents of this indifference across the globe, but perhaps none that was as pronounced as the dichotomy between the Army Public School attack, which claimed the lives of 132 innocent schoolchildren in Peshawar, and the Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris, France, just three weeks later. Both were horrendous, atrocious attacks of stark violence, worthy of the condemnation they received. But there was a marked difference in how the world reacted to Pakistan’s most shocking terrorism incident (and there have been literally thousands), and how the world reacted to the Charlie Hebdo incident. Perhaps the fault is our own. Despite our tall talk of leaving no room for terrorism, or leaving no space for extremist philosophy, or not allowing our soil to be used by miscreants, we have faced international criticism and embarrassment for allowing the same. Osama bin Laden was killed in Abbottabad, just over an hour from the capital, by shadow operatives that were able to violate Pakistani airspace, and escape quietly, unscathed. Mullah Omar allegedly died after receiving treatment in hospitals in Karachi for two years. Mullah Mansoor was apparently killed in a drone strike in Balochistan in May. The list goes on. If we were ignorant of their presence in Pakistan, that makes us foolish. If we knew, and aided or abetted, we were criminals. The impetus for any action to change this has to come from our own internal doctrine, which seems as unclear as ever. The American policy in the region is beginning to get look more stern. The F16 sale issue, debates in political circles about making Pakistan’s aid contingent on forcing Islamabad’s hand against the Haqqani Network, making public statements about Mullah Mansoor’s death long before Pakistan had a chance to react – these are all indicative of a hardening, toughening US stance on Pakistan. If we knew, we are guilty; if we didn’t, we are foolish The US...

Why Are Afghans Wary of Pakistan?

“My dear friend,” Afghan President Ashraf Ghani said in a tweet addressed to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on June 4. “Welcome to your second home. We are delighted to have you in Afghanistan.” Modi responded with a tweet in Pashto. “Thank you Afghanistan,” he said. “My short journey today is reflective of the historic friendship between the two countries, friendship that is tied to the benefit of people of both countries.” The occasion was the inauguration of the multi-million-dollar Salma Dam in western Afghanistan that will bring power and irrigation to vast tracts of the war-torn country.  On December 25, Modi had elicited similar welcome when he formally inaugurated the new Parliament House in Kabul. A friend of mine, who did various stints as a journalist, private entrepreneur and official functionary in Kabul between 1995 and 2015 before moving out of the country for higher studies in the United States, wrote to me an eye-opening message. He has good relationships in Pakistan and loves to be here, and some of the excerpts from his message are worth reading for all Pakistanis. Influence can flow from political and economic cooperation too “Iran, as many other regional and world actors, has had its proxy elements within Afghanistan who had been part of the bloody and notorious inter-factional fighting in the 1990s. As long as the patron, Iran, saw its interest in keeping friendly relations with Kabul to primarily please the United States, its agent(s) also had been playing a constructive role over the previous 10-15 years, as these elements were anyway given a greater portion of public values as a result of the Bonn Accord. “Now that president Ghani government has been effectively trying to reestablish peace in the country and reach a political agreement with the armed groups, some of the elements, including and prominently the traditionally Iranian agents, do not see such potential development(s) in their interest… Most of them have been acting/posing...

What Democracy?

Those coming into power on the back of poor peoples’ votes appear to loathe democratic conduct. They liken self-preservation and personal interests to democracy and equate any opposition  to an attack on democracy when questioned on their democratic conduct. What democracy are we talking about? Or is it a plutocracy that we speak of? (A country that is ruled by the richest people or a group of very rich people who have a lot of power, according to Merriam Webster dictionary.) The way elected ‘democrats’ run the country (contempt for cabinet meetings and disdain for parliament) clearly points to a plutocracy, which vociferously guards its rights under the garb of the rulers being ‘elected representatives’. They also immediately cite the country’s ‘peculiar conditions’ when reminded of their democratic responsibilities. How many real cabinet meetings — the forum for collective decisions — have taken place in the last three years? Less than a dozen! Political democracy requires financial democracy too i.e., equitable and accountable distribution and management of national resources. Is the epicentre of democracy i.e., the federal government ensuring this? Article 160, for instance, requires the federation to convene a meeting of the National Finance Commission (NFC) every year, ideally before the annual budget to award the designs of financial formulae of economic distribution to provincial and federal governments for five consecutive years. Although instituted in 1951, the NFC has thus far been awarded only seven times, including the 2009 award. This displays little regard for democratic inclusive federal governance, and clearly betrays the high-handed and insensitive attitude of the centre, particularly in the current context when we look at the conflict-battered provinces of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. A case in point was the logjam that accrued from the federal government’s arbitrary decisions on and preference for the eastern route over the crucial...

Is Chabahar a danger to Pakistan?

India and Iran recently inked the Chabahar Pact, sending alarm bells ringing in Pakistan. Located at the Sistan-Baluchistan province lying to the southern coast of Iran, it offers great strategic pathway to India, easily bypassing Pakistan. The route allows outreach to Afghanistan, a land locked country. For India, transport costs and freight time will approximately be reduced to a third to the Gulf as well as Central Asia. India has pledged $500 million towards the project. Besides this, India has already pledged $100 million for a 220-km road that will link western Afghanistan to Chabahar. Both India and Iran are driven by economic interests. Iran is interested in a free trade zone near Gwadar – to accelerate its economic development that had been held back by many years of sanctions it was blanketed under. Further, Saudi Arabia and Iran are rivals in the market of energy products. Interestingly, the Gulf Cooperation Council states and Saudi Arabia supply a good percentage of Oil India imports while Qatar is their biggest importer of natural gas. India on the other hand is rearing its head vying to be a regional leader and without doubt, the development of Chabahar will lead to a boost in her regional status. Lindsay Hughes, Research Analyst, Indian Ocean Research Programme writes, “India, however, does not appear to seek to only import Iranian oil; it wishes to invest in Iranian oil and gas fields, thus further securing its energy from that country.”(April 26, 2016) Chabahar, once it takes off, will offer better ingress to India into Afghanistan and Afghani markets, this will in turn lead to a stronger say with the Afghan government. This will also improve India’s chances to angle for Turkmenistan gas. Development of Gawadar Port had fallen in neglect although it was originally built in 2007 with the help of China. Only now, with CPEC coming up has Gwadar gained impetus and urgency. One of the biggest stumbling block to see Gwadar delivering on its promise is...

Ulasi Police Showcase: Police Reforms in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Province

The Center for Research and Security Studies (CRSS) has broadcast three new episodes of its new flagship radio program “Ulasi Police” in the districts of Mardan, Peshawar and Charsadda on May 24, 25 and 26 respectively. “Ulasi Police” is an awareness and advocacy campaign undertaken by the Center - as part of USAID Small Grants and Ambassadors’ Fund Program - to strengthen the rule of law in KP province by promoting and disseminating the significant police reforms aimed at incorporating local communities’ policing needs and international human rights standards. The endeavor aims to ameliorate the trust deficit between the public and police, help KP police become an accountable and community-focused police force. Dispute Resolution Council (DRC): Ulasi Police aired from Pakhtunkhwa Radio, FM-92.6, Mardan on May 24, 2016 focused on Dispute Resolution Councils (DRC), their importance in justice system and performance in district Mardan then far. The program discussed several other aspects of the DRCs including the vision and mission of the establishment of DRCs, member and panel selection, case filing procedure, investigation process, monitoring and transparency, and the importance of DRCs in the provision of justice to general public and how they reduced burden on Police and judiciary. Mr. Ikhtiraz Khan, Deputy Superintendent Police (DSP) Rural, Mardan, said: “Approximately 400 cases have been successfully resolved by DRC in 2015. While in 2016, we have resolved 101 cases out of 183 registered and the remaining are in process, and by the end of this year, the figure will touch 650. All the members have taken a solemn oath to be impartial and honest.” The other guest participant was Mr. Arshad Manan, Lawyer and Member of Dispute Resolution Council (DRC), Mardan, Six Specialized Training Schools for KP Police: Ulasi Police aired from Pakhtunkhwa Radio, FM-92.2, Peshawar on May 25, 2016 focused on specialized training schools for KP police, and their importance in...

CHINA WATCH [May 31 – June 6]: Chabahar, Security Updates and Electricity Woes

This last week, news regarding China-Pakistan cooperation was dominated by Chabahar Port, security issues for Chinese nationals working on (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor) CPEC in Pakistan, and compounding electricity woes. Chabahar Former ambassador Javed Hussain has said that Iran and India have been working on Chabahar Port project for many years, and it is premature to say that the project would benefit the world to great extent.[1] Chabar, naturally, has emerged as a direct competitor to Pakistan’s Gawadar port, and the Indian investment in the region has been pronounced and unprecedented. For details, please see this detailed piece from our Research Fellow Sitwat Bokhari.[2] Maintaining diplomatic neutrality, the Iranian ambassador to Pakistan said Islamabad and Beijing are welcome to join New Delhi and Kabul in developing the strategic port of Chabahar in southeastern Iran.[3] This is an odd statement, given that His Excellency is fully cognizant of the sheer amount of time, effort, energy and resources Pakistan and China are pouring into Gawadar port to make it a success. Electricity Woes With the summer in full swing and temperatures soaring to 52 degrees Celsius, load shedding in the country has reached a record high, with the public up in arms about electricity shortages. To make matters worse, the $2.1 billion mega project of erecting 878-kilometre long transmission line to transmit 4,000MW electricity from Sindh under CPEC initiative has run into problems. The Chinese company that is to build this project has demanded from the National Transmission and Dispatch Company (NTDC) Rs33 billion as annual revenue for 25 years and sought the full capacity charges even if less than 4,000MW electricity is dispatched a day.[4] All things considered, this should get resolved sooner or later, but the fact that issues of this nature and scale continue to plague the cooperation mechanism is worrisome. The following day, Pakistan Economy Watch (PEW) said the...

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TESTIMONIALS

I am also a member of National Assembly’s Standing Committee on Information and Broadcasting. Recently, we held a meeting with the Director General of Radio Pakistan and we told them to initiate such local programs (like Constituency Hour) in regional languages to educate and inform people. Even Indian Radio can be heard in FATA which is being used for propaganda purposes and must be closed. Therefore, we should launch some standard and quality programs like CRSS that will change the taste of the listeners.

Soniya Shams

Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar