Current Projects
China’s Belt and Road Forum-Key Takeaway Points
China’s “most important diplomatic event” of the year was held in Beijing. Top leaders around the world gathered for a series of bilateral meetings. This year marked its third edition though comparatively only 23 heads of state and government were present. One of the key factors could be the major crisis unfolding in the Middle East. While Xi and Putin shared the China-Russia partnership as “a loTakeaway Pointsng-term commitment,” other leaders called for a more multilateral, cooperative world. The forum also highlighted the next phase Iof BR, which enters its second decade. On October 17th-19th, 2023, a two-day global gathering termed as China’s “most important diplomatic event” of the year wrapped up in Beijing. (CNN) Top leaders around the world gathered for a series of bilateral meetings and forums centered around Chinese President Xi Jinping’s flagship Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), an international infrastructure project that has solidified China’s position as a major player in the world since its inception ten years ago. The BRI forum is a platform for developing action plans in the domains of trade and investment, infrastructure, energy and resources, production capacity, and identification of major projects. It is also meant to serve as an opportunity to sign cooperation agreements in the fields of financial cooperation mechanisms with countries and international organizations. This year marked its third edition. However, compared to the previous session where 37 leaders were in attendance, this year just 23 heads of state and government were present. One of the key factors could be the major crisis unfolding in the Middle East which resulted in some leaders from the region staying in their respective regions. (The Diplomat) Below are the key takeaway points from the forum: Putin’s Prominent Attendance: At the forum’s opening ceremony, Putin was one of the first leaders to speak. The Russian president emphasised his strong alignment with China both...
Pakistan’s Policies in Afghanistan: A Source of Concern
Pakistan's policies towards Afghanistan, shaped by decades of political maneuvering, have implications for regional peace, refugee crises, and bilateral trust, argues the author. Afghanistan, my homeland, has suffered through decades of conflict and instability. This turmoil has driven many Afghans to seek refuge in neighboring countries, primarily Pakistan. Today, challenges like potential violence, political instability, and economic hardships continue to afflict Afghanistan. Pakistan, undeniably, is grappling with its own myriad challenges, especially in ensuring basic services and opportunities for its people. The influx of a substantial number of Afghan refugees intensifies the strain on resources such as healthcare, education, and employment. Yet, the act of expelling Afghan refugees often emerges more as a political maneuver than a solution. It's wielded by host countries as leverage over Afghanistan, pushing for concessions and influencing its policies. When millions of our fellow Afghans, including the families of Afghan authorities, have entrenched roots in Pakistan, owning businesses and properties, it's clear that Afghanistan would feel the pressure. Pakistan, in this scenario, wields more influence and leverage over Afghanistan, while the Afghan governments, burdened by their own challenges, often find resistance tough. To alleviate this pressure, it would have been more pragmatic for the Afghan government to have pre-emptively prepared for the dignified return of its citizens from Pakistan. Mere accusations of Pakistan's mistreatment of Afghans cannot overshadow the Afghan leadership's own shortcomings. It was vital for the Afghan government to smoothen the process of reintegration, navigate potential hurdles, uphold moral duties, and harness the returning Afghans' skills for the nation's uplift. Pakistan's recent decision to expel all non-registered Afghans is not only a concerning measure, but it also risks exacerbating an already delicate...
Gaza and the Complex Maneuvers
Early morning on October 07, the Palestinian armed ensemble, Hamas, set forth with “Operation Al-Aqsa Flood,” a most audacious endeavor, marking a crescendo in their engagement with Israel since the tumultuous 11-day war in 2021. With claims to have dispatched no fewer than 5,000 rockets, Hamas unveiled a flamboyant display of martial prowess, while Israel, in no uncertain terms, conceded the incursion of these intrepid Hamas warriors onto its soil; this offensive encompassed land, sea, and sky. The attack was so swift and secretly executed that Israeli intelligence was struck with utter shock. It was embarrassed and taken off-guard. One of the most interesting part of the Hamas warfare tactics was the use of motor gliders. Hamas took absolute advantage of geography – Gaza and Israel are separated just by a wall. So what they did was to fly via motor glider into the Israeli territory and started attacking their targets as planned. The question arises, does Hamas miscalculated its move? Does it not know that the reaction would be severe and brutal? Didn’t they know that Israel with its unabated support of West, can’t be defeated merely by limited military operation like Al-Aqsa Flood? Then why this madness? Well what one can expect from people who have nothing to lose. In contrast, it was Israel that tasted its own medicine after long. More than 1400 Israelis have been killed so far and around 250 hostages, including a dozen of Americans. On the other hand, Hamas did not play this move just as a suicide mission. Perhaps, defeating Tel Aviv was never the mission, going by simple rationale. Hamas achieved its objectives. It shames Israeli military power and intelligence, and bitterly expose it to the world. It is pertinent to note that, Gaza is under comprehensive surveillance of Israeli forces. Nothing can go inside or come outside Gaza without their permission. So, how did Hamas do it, without even whispers. They might have relied mostly on human resources for...
Embracing Diversity, Cultivating Tolerance Must to Counter Polarization in Pakistan
Only through a dispassionate dialogue, can we approach and deliberate social issues normally hard to speak about - concerning religious diversity, equal minority rights, etc. - and promote understanding, mutual respect, and critical thinking as a protection against prejudices towards different/ minority groups and extremist narratives in the society. This was the notion that figured prominently at the dialogue titled "Polarization in Pakistan and Our Responsibility", organized by Forum for International Relations Development (FIRD) - a UK-based independent, non-governmental research and advocacy think-tank, in collaboration with Center for Research and Security Studies (CRSS) - an Islamabad based think tank, research and advocacy center. Mr. Toaha Qureshi MBE, Founder Chairman, FIRD, noted that polarization in Pakistan is a deeply rooted issue that has persisted for decades, with divisions along ethnic, religious, and political lines, stymieing national unity and progress. Addressing this issue requires a multifaceted approach that acknowledges its historical context, aims for inclusive policies, and involves dialogue characterized by a focus on discussing the solutions, not the problems. Prominent religious scholar, Maulana Muhammad Hanif Jalandhari, underscored the importance of interfaith dialogue as a crucial means of fostering understanding, tolerance, and cooperation among people of different religious beliefs and backgrounds. He noted that interfaith dialogue provides a platform for individuals of different religious faiths to come together, discuss their beliefs, and find common ground. This can help reduce misunderstandings and conflicts based on religious differences, contributing to a more peaceful and harmonious society. Prof. Dr. Suleman Tahir, Vice Chancellor, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology (KFUEIT) Rahim Yar Khan, noted that the educational curriculum plays a significant role in determining the state of...
“What Lies Behind the Iron Brotherhood, Pakistan-China Relations” Roundtable Discussion at the University of Makran, Panjgur & Turbat
On October 10, 2023, Mr. Imtiaz Gul, Executive Director, at the Centre for Research and Security Studies (CRSS), Islamabad, was invited for a roundtable discussion by Dr. Malik Tareen, Vice Chancellor at the University of Makran, Panjgur, and Dr. Abdul Saboor Baloch, Head of Department and Dean of Social Sciences at Turbat University to present his book “What Lies Behind the Iron Brotherhood, Pakistan-China Relations”, published in English and Urdu. The book illustrates China-Pakistan’s close and longstanding friendship, which is significant in international politics and diplomacy. It was also published on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the two countries.
CPEC-An Explainer
For years, a debate has surrounded the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as to whether it is a mutually beneficial undertaking or primarily favorable to China alone. Disregarding the long history of cordial, time-tested, and trusted relations between Islamabad and Beijing, critics - largely foreigners -often speak of CPEC as a potential debt trap. They view this as China’s broader strategy for expanding its influence both economically and strategically by imposing unfavorable conditions - on its own will - on the recipient countries through its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), of which CPEC is the flagship project. The situation on the ground, nevertheless, contradicts these views. If CPEC represented China’s debt diplomacy or a zero-sum game, then all projects under it - power plants, transmission lines, road and rail infrastructure - were initiated on the demand of Pakistani leaders i.e., the then Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif when he and President Xi Jinping witnessed the signing of several contracts during the latter’s Islamabad visit. Even many Pakistanis, too, have been misled by motivated, skeptical, and critical views of CPEC projects. This report is an endeavor to clear some of the fog around CPEC by, a) briefly tracing the history of Pakistan-China relations, and b) addressing some of the most frequently asked questions around CPEC.
Pakistan’s Anti-Smuggling Drive and Afghan Migrant Situation: Complex Repercussions Ahead
In its battle against illicit trade and handling of Afghan migrants, Pakistan faces potential socio-political tensions that test both internal harmony and international relations. In its resolute efforts to curtail illegal trade practices, Pakistan is zeroing in on one of its most pervasive issues: smuggling. Preparing to arrest over 300 individuals associated with the clandestine gold business, the authorities have recently been drawing on extensive investigative work. This includes both the collection of residential details of those suspected and the analysis of phone records from key businessmen in the industry. But gold smuggling is just a part of a broader puzzle. The Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) has been on the front lines, carrying out a staggering 172 raids across the country. These aggressive efforts have culminated in the apprehension of 239 suspects, and the initiation of 177 legal cases against those involved. These operations by FIA haven't just been about making arrests; many establishments, including shops and buildings associated with illegal activities, have been sealed. The seizures from these raids have been substantial: goods, including domestic and foreign currency totaling an impressive 671.6 million rupees, were confiscated. Additionally, numerous receipts and mobile phones, which could serve as evidence, were retrieved from those arrested. The main charge against these individuals revolves around their participation in unauthorized currency exchange businesses. There's another layer of concern in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region, particularly related to its property market. Before diving into anti-terrorism operations, security agencies are sharpening their attention on unregistered property dealers. These dealers have been bypassing essential standards, notably in Peshawar where the Tenancy Act is largely ignored. A disconcerting 95% non-compliance rate with the Tenancy Act signals a significant oversight. This lax regulation has...
A Global Community of Shared Future: China’s Vision and Actions
China advocates for unity and mutual growth in a shifting world order, echoing President Xi Jinping's vision for shared prosperity. In the face of a rapidly changing global landscape, China stands firm in its commitment to constructing a cohesive global community with a shared future. President Xi Jinping, a decade ago, sowed the seeds of this grand vision, positioning it as an answer to rising global uncertainties. This concept was a clarion call for nations to rally together, prioritize sustainable development, and weave collective dreams of a flourishing tomorrow. China's Comprehensive Blueprint for Global Harmony China has meticulously designed its vision on four primary pillars, ensuring it addresses the multifaceted challenges the world faces: New International Relations: Central to China's perspective is the idea of equality and mutual respect among nations. Rather than a world mired in confrontations, China envisions one where dialogues are the norm. The emphasis is on forging global partnerships built on trust, transcending the historically prevalent power-driven alliances. Global Governance Reform: A reformed global governance structure is at the heart of China's aspirations. The vision pivots towards collective problem-solving, urging nations to step away from the narrow corridors of unilateralism. It is an ardent call for a fairer international order where global decisions emerge from collaborative deliberations rather than being dictated by a select few. Civilization Exchange: The world's diversity is its strength, and China cherishes this. Through its proposals, it encourages nations to venture into cultural exchanges, fostering an environment where differences are not just tolerated but celebrated. Better World Vision: This is a holistic perspective, encapsulating several aspirations: peace achieved through dialogue, prosperity anchored in collaboration, and environmental rejuvenation through sustainable practices. From Vision to Reality: China's...
CPEC’s Importance for Balochistan
Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan and the pinnacle of the China-Pakistan Economic Initiative (CPEC), a flagship initiative of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) led by China. The natural resources of Balochistan and its strategic location did not help to alleviate the province’s poverty. However, CPEC offers the province some optimism because it would help it capitalize on its untapped natural riches, leading to growth, wealth and regional connectivity. Balochistan is the pinnacle of the China-Pakistan Economic Initiative (CPEC), a flagship initiative of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) led by China. Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan in terms of territory but the smallest in terms of population. The natural resources of Balochistan and its strategic location did not help to alleviate the province’s poverty. However, CPEC, on the other hand, offers the province some optimism because it would help it capitalize on its untapped natural riches, leading to growth and wealth. Balochistan is blessed with abundant potential to capitalize on its natural resources, blue economy, and agricultural and livestock sectors building Special Economic Zones (SEZs) under CPEC will pave the way for prosperity and regional connectivity. Agriculture: Balochistan is termed “The fruit basket of Pakistan”. Ironically, the province does not contribute to the nation’s date export. They will be encouraged to increase fruit output by modernizing the agricultural industry, providing subsidies to the farmers, and resolving water concerns. They would be able to export crops to other countries thanks to CPEC. Almost 75% of the province’s population, who depend on agriculture, lives in rural areas. 62% of the total farm income comes from the crops. 67% of the labor force in the province is employed in the agricultural sector. The economies of Jafarabad, Naseerabad, Usta Mohammed, and Dera Murad Jamali are centered on agriculture. Livestock: Balochistan’s economy...
Security Forces’ Losses Hit 8-Year High in First 9 Months of 2023, Q3 Records 57% Surge in Violence: CRSS Security Report
“Pakistan’s security forces lost at least 386 personnel, 36% of all fatalities - including 137 army and 208 police personnel - in the first 9 months of 2023, marking an eight-year high as the country continues to battle proxy terrorism, largely in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. With 1087 violence-related fatalities recorded so far during the year, the outlaws suffered 368 (34%), followed by civilians with 333 (31%) fatalities”, CRSS Security Report - Q3 2023. Over the past five years, there has been a consistent and alarming surge in violence in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Balochistan provinces. Equally greater concern is the collective percentage of violence-related fatalities recorded in these two provinces which indicates a disturbing upward trend over the last five years; together, they suffered 72% of all fatalities in 2019, and this unsetting figure surged to a staggering 92% in the first 9 months of 2023.As for the third quarter of 2023, some 445 people lost their lives and 440 suffered injuries from as many as 190 terror attacks and counter-terror operations. KP and Balochistan provinces were the primary centers of violence, accounting for nearly 94% of all fatalities and 89% of attacks (including incidents of terrorism and security forces operations) recorded during this period.The last three months; Q3 2023, also recorded an alarming surge in violence by about 57%, with the overall number of fatalities increasing from 284 in Q2 to 445 in Q3, 2023. This includes a staggering 131% uptick recorded in Balochistan and 28% in KP. Punjab witnessed a substantial 67% decrease in violence compared to the last quarter, while Sindh saw a 283% rise in violence though the number of fatalities was very low (23). Nearly 79% of all violence-related casualties recorded in Q3, 2023 resulted from terrorism; where 141 terrorist attacks caused 318 fatalities and 381 injuries of civilians and security personnel. On the other hand, the security operations were as low as 49...
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I am also a member of National Assembly’s Standing Committee on Information and Broadcasting. Recently, we held a meeting with the Director General of Radio Pakistan and we told them to initiate such local programs (like Constituency Hour) in regional languages to educate and inform people. Even Indian Radio can be heard in FATA which is being used for propaganda purposes and must be closed. Therefore, we should launch some standard and quality programs like CRSS that will change the taste of the listeners.