Current Projects

The Non-Pashtun Taleban of The North: A Case Study From Badakhshan

The Taleban movement is winning ground in the northern province of Badakhshan, a province that was never conquered when the Taleban were in power in the 1990s. Over the past two years, a new generation of largely Tajik Taleban has come to pose a serious challenge for the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) : a number of districts have changed hands between the ANSF and insurgents, and two strategic districts are now insurgent strongholds. Its success seems partly due to a recruitment policy that – in contrast to the 1990s – favours local non-Pashtuns for key provincial positions and as fighters. In this provincial case study, AAN’s Obaid Ali analyses the Taleban’s new recruitment policy and how it has strengthened the movement (with input from Borhan Osman and Thomas Ruttig). In 2004, as the insurgency began to gather pace, setting up a shadow administration was one of the Taleban’s major political strategies for controlling both territory and population. Over the years, in the Tajik and Uzbek-dominated provinces in the north, the movement increasingly appointed local non-Pashtuns, from shadow governors – both at the provincial and district level – to judges and heads of provincial committees. In Badakhshan, a Tajik-dominated province, most Taleban posts are now occupied by Tajiks. The shift in the movement’s recruitment strategy seems to have had a visible impact on its battlefield gains in Badakhshan. To put this into historical perspective, a comparison of the Taleban’s recruitment in Badakhshan during the current insurgency period and the movement’s years of rule, is useful. Badakhshan’s contribution to the Taleban regime during the 1990s During the Taleban regime in the 1990s, there were no more than a handful of high-ranking Taleb figures from Badakhshan. They were: Mawlawi Sayed Ghiasuddin, a Tajik from Badakhshan who served among the Taleban leadership soon after the formation of the movementin the mid-1990s; Qari Din Muhammad Hanif, a Tajik originally...

Terrorism Equally Threatening Afghanistan and Pakistan: Pak Army Chief

Pakistan’s Chief of Army Staff General Qamar Javed Bajwa has said terrorism and extremism equally threatens Afghanistan and Pakistan as he pledged full support to cooperate in eliminate the menace of terror. The Office of the Chief Executive Abdullah Abdullah said Gen. Bajwa conveyed the message during a telephone conversation on Saturday afternoon. Reiterating Pakistan’s hope for a peaceful and stable Afghanistan, Gen. Bajwa said ‘He is hopeful the two brotherly nations work together for a lasting peace considering the current challenges and threats the two countries are facing.’ According to a statement by Chief Executive’s Office, Gen. Bajwa has called extremism and terrorism a joint threat to both the nations as he pledged full support by Pakistan to eliminate the shared threats. In his turn, CE Abdullah congratulated Gen. Bajwa for his appointment as the new Chief of Staff of Pakistan’s army and said terrorism and extremism poses a serious threat for peace and stability of both Afghanistan and Pakistan. Abdullah further added that both Afghanistan and Pakistan should work closely to fight the menace of terrorism and extremism in a bid to ensure peace and stability of the region. This article originally appeared on www.khaama.com, January 01, 2017. Original link. Disclaimer: Views expressed in the article are not necessarily supported by CRSS.

The Decline of Afghanistan's Hindu And Sikh Communities

Hidden in plain sight, on a poorly lit busy road, the exteriors of the Asmayee temple are deceiving - a plain, old building that could easily be confused for any other building in Kabul. In contrast, the mosque next door stands out with its beautiful, intricate architecture. The call for evening prayers from the mosque intertwines with the sounds of the Hindu chants resonating from within the halls of the temple. Several finely dressed, middle-aged women, move in and out of the many rooms of the vast temple complex, offering prayers and lighting candles. There are seven rooms built in a circle that serve as the temple for the various Hindu goddesses and gods, and one expansive hall, colourfully decorated and covered in Persian carpets, that serves as the community prayer room. The women celebrate separately from the men. There is also a separate dining hall and community kitchen for the men and women who come to the temple. Ramnath, 25, explains that "this is because the culture among Afghan Hindus is predominantly Pashtun". Over the years, Hinduism in Afghanistansurvived and thrived in Pashtun-dominant provinces, resulting in a confluence of cultures that combines practices and rituals of the region. "If you go up the hill, there is another small temple of the Sherawali," says Ramnath, referring to the Hindu goddess Durga by one of her many names. "It was said that years ago, a white river of milk flowed down from the foot of the statue of the goddess to Kabul. This is how this place got its name joy-e-sheer, which translates to 'stream of milk' from Dari," Ramnath tells as the men gather quietly in one of the rooms over a cup of tea. Ramnath, like many Afghans, only uses one name. "Of course, those are reminiscent tales of the past. Who can tell how much of that legend is true?" he adds. A history of diversity and repression Afghanistan's history is full of such anecdotes and lore about a substantial thriving community of Hindus and Sikhs who have called this...

The Decline of Afghanistan’s Hindu And Sikh Communities

Hidden in plain sight, on a poorly lit busy road, the exteriors of the Asmayee temple are deceiving - a plain, old building that could easily be confused for any other building in Kabul. In contrast, the mosque next door stands out with its beautiful, intricate architecture. The call for evening prayers from the mosque intertwines with the sounds of the Hindu chants resonating from within the halls of the temple. Several finely dressed, middle-aged women, move in and out of the many rooms of the vast temple complex, offering prayers and lighting candles. There are seven rooms built in a circle that serve as the temple for the various Hindu goddesses and gods, and one expansive hall, colourfully decorated and covered in Persian carpets, that serves as the community prayer room. The women celebrate separately from the men. There is also a separate dining hall and community kitchen for the men and women who come to the temple. Ramnath, 25, explains that "this is because the culture among Afghan Hindus is predominantly Pashtun". Over the years, Hinduism in Afghanistansurvived and thrived in Pashtun-dominant provinces, resulting in a confluence of cultures that combines practices and rituals of the region. "If you go up the hill, there is another small temple of the Sherawali," says Ramnath, referring to the Hindu goddess Durga by one of her many names. "It was said that years ago, a white river of milk flowed down from the foot of the statue of the goddess to Kabul. This is how this place got its name joy-e-sheer, which translates to 'stream of milk' from Dari," Ramnath tells as the men gather quietly in one of the rooms over a cup of tea. Ramnath, like many Afghans, only uses one name. "Of course, those are reminiscent tales of the past. Who can tell how much of that legend is true?" he adds. A history of diversity and repression Afghanistan's history is full of such anecdotes and lore about a substantial thriving community of Hindus and Sikhs who have called this...

Sabawoon Showcase: Technical and Vocational Trainings for Women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)

December 28, 2016, Peshawar: The latest episode of Sabawoon[i], flagship radio program of Center for Research and Security Studies (CRSS), focused on the technical and vocational training for women in KP and FATA. The key discussion points included availability of technical and vocational trainings for women in KP and FATA, importance of such trainings in capacity building, support from civil society organizations, and linkages with local and national markets. The program was aired under the theme of Jwandai Jazbey (living spirits) on Wednesday. Ms. Zeenat Bibi, Communication Executive Technology Up-gradation and Skill Development Company (TUESDEC) Peshawar, participated as the studio. A radio report reviewed the condition of technical training for women in the rural areas of KP. Ms. Zeenat Bibi said: “Trainings and capacity building will not be enough to empower women. They should be given equal opportunities in society.” Sabawoon airs Monday through Thursday on FM-101.5 Peshawar & DI Khan 711 KHZ from 3:20 PM to 4:00 PM.   [i] Sabawoon is a flagship radio program by CRSS in the KP/FATA region, designed to highlight local issues, and promote fundamental global values such as women’s rights, rule of law, equal citizenry, democracy, governance and accountability. It airs four times a week, under four themes. On Monday, Jarga Marrakka covers current affairs and issues, coupled with government and other senior officials. On Tuesday, Da Semi Jaaj gives a holistic regional overview of the most important stories across the length and breadth of KP/FATA. On Wednesday, Jwandai Jazbey covers issues most important to youth, students and females. Finally, on Thursday, Ranra covers social issues that have a cultural angle and/or impact.  

CHINA WATCH [27 DECEMBER-2 JANUARY] CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC) EXPANDED

The inclusion of new development projects in the CPEC by China and Pakistan was the leading story this week. China has blocked India’s move to add the head of Jaish-e-Muhammad (JeM) to a UN Security Council blacklist. Pakistan, China and Russia held the third round of tripartite consultations on Afghan conflict in Moscow. Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif inaugurated the 340 megawatt Chashma-III nuclear power plant. Minister for Planning, Development and Reforms, Ahsan Iqbal, has said that $30 billion projects had been implemented under the CPEC. CPEC Expanded: During the sixth meeting of Joint Cooperation Committee (JCC) of CPEC, China and Pakistan have agreed to include some new development projects in the multi-billion dollar venture. These projects are: Karachi Circular Railways, Keti Bandar project and Special Economic Zone in Sindh.[1] The JCC also approved to make three more infrastructure projects part of the CPEC[2] thus bringing China’s total contribution to the corridor-related road projects to Rs.1.025 trillion so far.[3] These road projects fall on the western route and include 280 kilometer Raikot- Thakot road (Rs8 billion), 210km Yarik- Zhob dual carriageway (Rs80 billion) and 110km Basima- Khuzdar road (Rs19.76 billion). It is noteworthy that this JCC meeting was attended by the Chief Minsters of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh, Balochistan and Gilgit-Baltistan. This development in itself will boost the provincial consensus over CPEC projects that has been missing for so long. India’s Bid Blocked: China has blocked India’s bid to add the head of Pakistan-based militant group Jaish-e-Muhammad (JeM), Masood Azhar, to a UN Security Council blacklist of groups linked to al Qaeda.[4] India has accused JeM leader of orchestrating several attacks in India including the Pathankot attack in January last. However Pakistan has found no evidence linking him to attacks in India. China had put the hold on move initially in April. Meanwhile, India maintains that it will...

Combating Corruption in Afghan Defense and Security Sector   

Research from Transparency International shows that Afghanistan’s defense and security institutions remain at a very high risk of corruption and that this has severely impacted their ability to provide the level of security and government legitimacy that is so urgently needed. Personnel management, appointments and promotions, procurement and logistics of both soldiers and policemen are heavily affected by both petty and major corruption. The presence of ghost personnel within the army, police and intelligence services have become a serious concern for the Afghan people and the international community. Despite recent efforts by the Afghan President, corruption in procurement and the leakage caused by corrupt practices within security and defense sector institutions poses an existential threat to the Afghan state. On the eve of the Warsaw Summit, this policy brief will analyze the major factors contributing to corruption in the security and defense sector’s institutions. It will also outline the successes and failures by the Afghan Government to overcome these problems. The paper will close with recommendations to stakeholders. SITUATION ANALYSIS According to the National Corruption Survey by Integrity Watch, 45% of Afghans identified insecurity as the biggest problem facing the Afghan government while 18 percent of those surveyed identified corruption and another 18 percent unemployment as the biggest problem. Insecurity is the result of several factors. However, from an anti-corruption perspective, the sources of insecurity in Afghanistan include corruption in the police, army, and justice sectors perpetuated by illegal mining, narcotics trade, and money laundering facilitated by the Hawala system. These six factors are tied together in a vicious circle where one feeds into another and vice-versa. In the following sections, the nature and relations of this web of factors is analyzed. To begin with, a lack of robust human resource management has resulted in a huge...

Afghanistan Leadership Invites Pakistan Army Chief on Visit

Afghanistan President Mohammad Ashraf Ghani and Chief Executive Abdullah Abdullah invited new Pakistani Army chief General Qamar Javed Bajwa to visit the country, the media wing of the Pakistani military said. The invitation was extended by the Afghan leadership during a telephone conversation with General Bajwa, according to a statement by Inter Services Public Relations (ISPR) Director General Major General Asif Ghafoor, Dunya News reported on Saturday. Gen. Ghafoor added that the call was made by General Bajwa on the eve of the New Year. “#COAS called Afghan President, Chief Executive Officer & Army Chief on telephone. Conveyed best wishes for 2017 & pledged to work together for peace in the region,” Gen. Ghafoor said in a Twitter post. The latest conversation between the new Pakistani Army chief and the Afghan leaders came as relations between the two countries have been witnessing an all-time low during the recent months. The Afghan officials have not commented on the report so far. Afghanistan has long been criticising Pakistan for its reluctance to act against the terrorist groups using its soil to plan and coordinate attacks in the region, including the Taliban and Haqqani terrorist network. The Afghan officials believe these groups have leadership councils based in the main cities of Pakistan. This article originally appeared on www.mangalorean.com, January 01, 2017. Original link. Disclaimer: Views expressed in the article are not necessarily supported by CRSS.

Afghan Weekly (Dec 24 – Dec 30, 2016)

Last week on December 27, Russia, Pakistan and China held a trilateral meeting on Afghanistan in Moscow that the Afghan government was not represented at. The three countries expressed particular concern about the rising activity in the country of extremist groups including the Afghan branch of IS (Daesh). The United States, which still has nearly 10,000 troops in Afghanistan more than 15 years after the Taliban was toppled by U.S.-backed Afghan forces, was not invited to the Moscow talks. In a joint statement issued after the trilateral meeting, Russia and China, being permanent members of the UN Security Council, decided to work towards delisting the Afghan Taliban from the world body’s sanctions list in a move, they said, aimed at launching peaceful dialogue between Afghanistan’s government and insurgent groups.[1] Representatives from the three countries also agreed to invite the Afghan government to such talks in future, the Russian Foreign Ministry later said.[2] Voicing Afghanistan's concerns over the trilateral meeting, Afghanistan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) stated: “Talking on Afghanistan without consulting the country raises serious questions for the Afghan people. We are worried about what the reasons behind the meeting are and want the relevant parties to explain.”[3] Below follow other updates on the security, internal politics, international engagements and socio-economic developments in Afghanistan from the past week.   Security Overview Former Taliban envoy to Pakistan Mullah Abdul Salam Zaeef’s house in Kabul attacked by unknown gunmen last Friday killing one of his guards.[4] 11 policemen killed early Saturday in a Taliban attack on a check post in in Shamalgah area of Farah city.[5] 4 policemen killed in a roadside blast in Ghabargah Weyala area in Qalat city of Zabul province last Saturday morning.[6] 3 insurgents killed and 2 others injured in an operation launched in Buz-e-Qandari, Hazrat Sultan, Taloka villages and some...

Going Forward, India Needs Battle Pigs Not Elephants to Tame Pakistan

Thus wrote the Macedonian historian and rhetorician Polyaenus, in his masterpiece Strategems of War, written around 161 CE, and dedicated to the greatest of the Roman Emperors, Marcus Aurelius: “At the siege of Megara, Antigonus brought his elephants into the attack; but the Megarians daubed some swine with pitch, set fire to it, and let them loose among the elephants. The pigs grunted and shrieked under the torture of the fire, and sprang forwards as hard as they could among the elephants, who broke their ranks in confusion and fright, and ran off in different directions”. For generations of military history students, the story of how the humble pig defeated the Indian elephants of the King of Macedonia, Antigonos II Gonatas, has had a simple lesson: in war, it’s often the smarter side, not the stronger one, that wins. PRIME Minister Narendra Modi’s national security advisors could do worse than spending some time contemplating that lesson over the New Year weekend, as they consider the course of events during what has been an extraordinarily fraught twelve months for India-Pakistan relations. Frustrated by Pakistan’s continued patronage of jihadist groups like the Lashkar-e-Taiba, India struck across the Line of Control in September. Even though many Indians were euphoric, the strikes failed to deter Pakistan: in November and December, jihadists operating from Pakistan struck back repeatedly, notably hitting the XVI Corps’ headquarters in Nagrota. More worrying, the short-term impact of the cross-Line of Control strikes was to blow apart the ceasefire that India and Pakistan put in place in 2003. Should Pakistan escalate cross-Line of Control firing come the spring, it will be hard for India to rebuild its fencing, 75% of which is brought down by snowfall each winter. That, in turn, will mean more terrorist infiltration—and more violence. From a record low of just 17 in 2012, Indian security force fatalities in Kashmir have inched up steadily in Kashmir to 87...

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TESTIMONIALS

I am also a member of National Assembly’s Standing Committee on Information and Broadcasting. Recently, we held a meeting with the Director General of Radio Pakistan and we told them to initiate such local programs (like Constituency Hour) in regional languages to educate and inform people. Even Indian Radio can be heard in FATA which is being used for propaganda purposes and must be closed. Therefore, we should launch some standard and quality programs like CRSS that will change the taste of the listeners.

Soniya Shams

Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar